What limitations restrict full popularization of advanced stainless steel?

The increased dosage of molybdenum, nickel and nitrogen raises raw material costs far above regular 304 and 316 stainless steel. Complex smelting, rolling and heat treatment procedures extend production cycles and lift processing fees. Duplex advanced stainless steel has a narrow safe forming temperature window, prone to cracking during cold stamping without preheating. Most grades still fail against strong hydrofluoric acid and molten alkali salt at ultra-high temperature, so they cannot replace nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys in extreme chemical reaction equipment.